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| ac | Print statistics about users’ connect time. | |
| accton | Turn on accounting of processes. To turn it on type “accton /var/log/pacct”. | |
| adduser | Ex: adduser mark – Effect: Adds a user to the system named mark | |
| chage | Used to change the time the user’s password will expire. | |
| chfn | Change the user full name field finger information | |
| chgrp | Changes the group ownership of files. | |
| chown | Change the owner of file(s ) to another user. | |
| chpasswd | Update password file in batch. | |
| chroot | Run command or interactive shell with special root directory. | |
| chsh | Change the login shell. | |
| edquota | Used to edit user or group quotas. This program uses the vi editor to edit the quota.user and quota.group files. If the environment variable EDITOR is set to emacs, the emacs editor will be used. Type “export EDITOR=emacs” to set that variable. | |
| faillog | Examine faillog and set login failure limits. | |
| finger | See what users are running on a system. | |
| gpasswd | Administer the /etc/group file. | |
| groupadd | Create a new group. | |
| grpck | Verify the integrity of group files. | |
| grpconv | Creates /etc/gshadow from the file /etc/group which converts to shadow passwords. | |
| grpunconv | Uses the files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to create /etc/passwd, then deletes /etc/shadow which converts from shadow passwords. | |
| groupdel | Delete a group. | |
| groupmod | Modify a group. | |
| groups | Print the groups a user is in | |
| id | Print real and effective user id and group ids. | |
| last | Display the last users logged on and how long. | |
| lastb | Shows failed login attempts. This command requires the file /var/log/btmp to exist in order to work. Type “touch /var/log/btmp” to begin logging to this file. | |
| lastcomm | Display information about previous commands in reverse order. Works only if process accounting is on. | |
| lastlog | Formats and prints the contents of the last login. | |
| logname | Print user’s login name. | |
| newgrp | Lets a suer log in to a new group. | |
| newusers | Update and create newusers in batch. | |
| passwd | Set a user’s pass word. | |
| pwck | Verify integrity of password files. | |
| pwconv | Convert to and from shadow passwords and groups. | |
| quota | Display users’ limits and current disk usage. | |
| quotaoff | Turns system quotas off. | |
| quotaon | Turns system quotas on. | |
| quotacheck | Used to check a filesystem for usage, and update the quota.user file. | |
| repquota | Lists a summary of quota information on filesystems. | |
| sa | Generates a summary of information about users’ processes that are stored in the /var/log/pacct file. | |
| smbclient | Works similar to an ftp client enabling the user to transfer files to and from a windows based computer. | |
| smbmount | Allows a shared directory on a windows machine to be mounted on the Linux machine. | |
| smbpasswd | Program to change users passwords for samba. | |
| su | Ex: su mark – Effect: changes the user to mark, If not root will need marks password. | |
| sulogin | Single user login. | |
| ulimit | A bash builtin command for setting the processes a user can run. | |
| useradd | Create a new user or update default new user information. | |
| userdel | Delete a user account and related files. | |
| usermod | Modify a user account. | |
| users | Print the user names of users currently logged in. | |
| utmpdump | Used for debugging. | |
| vigr | Edit the password or group files. | |
| vipw | Edit the password or group files. | |
| w | Display users logged in and what they are doing. | |
| wall | Send a message to everybody’s terminal. | |
| who | Display the users logged in. | |
| whoami | Print effective user id. |
Here is a quick Step-by-Step “how to” which helps restoring MySQL root password that was lost/forgotten.
It happens to everybody, especially if several distributed (different) systems are maintained, where the password is not the same. Here is what needs to be done to restore it:
Step 1: Stop MySQL daemon if it is currently running
Depending on the operating system MySQL is installed on, the daemon can be checked/stopped differently. Here is an example on how to do it in Unix-like systems.
NOTE: You might need to run it as a Unix System superuser (root) - depending on how the system is configured,
and what permissions your Unix account is granted)
Here is how to stop/kill the existing mysql daemon, in case it is running:
ps -ef | grep mysql - checks if mysql/mysqld is one of the running processes. pkill mysqld - kills the daemon, if it is running.
Note: if pkill (’process kill’) is not on a particular Unix system, use kill -9 ‘pid’, where ‘pid’ corresponds to processes that were found with ps -ef | grep mysql
Step 2: Run MySQL safe daemon with skipping grant tables
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
Step 3: Login to MySQL as root with no password
mysql -u root mysql
Step 4: Run UPDATE query to reset the root password
In MySQL command line prompt issue the following two commands:
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Step 5: Stop MySQL safe daemon
Follow the first two steps, but this time kill (pkill) “mysqld_safe” instead of “mysqld”
Step 6: Start MySQL daemon
Depending on the operating system (Unix-like examples):
/etc/rc.d/rc.mysql start
OR
/etc/init.d/mysql start
OR
/etc/rc.5/mysql start
etc.. check existing MySQL configuration
Step 7: Root password is reset and ready to use
Password is reset. Privileges are flushed. Start MySQL and login as root with the password set in step 4:
mysql -u root -p mysql
I had my External hard drive with NTFS filesystem, I’m mounting it using the command ” mount -t ntfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt/ ” then it works, but now the problem is that I can’t write anything on the hard drive because it ii on Read-only access. Then I have searched the internet to find some solution to my problem and jackpot I made it work, I can now Read and Write on the NTFS Hard drive.
Here’s the Commands:
Installing the NTFS-3G.
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/fusefs-ntfs
# sudo make instal clean
Loading the Fuse.ko module:
# sudo kldload /usr/local/modules/fuse.ko
Mounting the NFS hard drive:
# sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/da0s1 /mnt
Good Luck and Happy BSD,
LordHendrix Rulez
I wrote my first blog post on my 3rd day of registration on wordpress,
and on the following day I visited my blog ..
Wow…. WordPress surprised me when my blog has been featured..
Here’s a screen shot of my featured blog:
Here’s the problem, after running an application it returns this error.
/libexec/ld- elf.so.1: Shared object “libintl.so. 6″ not found, required by
Here’s the simple command.
# cd /usr/local/lib
# ln -s libintl.so.8 libintl.so.6
Now here’s my log:
[root@ /usr/local/lib] # gaim
/libexec/ld- elf.so.1: Shared object “libintl.so. 6″ not found, required by “gaim”
[root@ /usr/local/lib] # ln -s libintl.so.8 libintl.so.6
[root@ /usr/local/lib] # gaim &
[5] 1766
— End of log —
I know this will help you a lot. Please post a comment if it works.
Thanks Happy FreeBSD to all.
…LordHendrix Rules…
